Artificial-feather construction.



N. GARPINKLE. ARTIFICIAL FEATHER CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION IILED JULY17, 1911.

1,030,072., Patented June 18, 1912.

INVENTOH N/I TH/l/V q-HRFINKL E rm/m COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CO" WASHINGTON.D. c.

are rib.

NATHAN GARFINKLE, 0F PATERSON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD TEXTILE00., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ARTIFICIAL-FEATHER CONSTRUCTION.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NATHAN GARFINKLE, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of the city of Paterson, county of Passaic, and State ofNew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inArtificial-Feather Construction, set forth in the followingspecification.

This invention relates to artificial plumes and feathers, moreparticularly to those simulating ostrich feather construction.

An object of the invention is to make practicable the productionartificially of an ostrich plume, the general appearance of which is notmerely similar to a natural ostrich plume, but which bears such nearresemblance to a natural ostrich plume that the difference can only bedetermined by expert close inspection.

A further object of the invention is to make possible the artificialproduction of such a productmore cheaply than can the natural product beobtained; to make the artificial product more durable than the natural;and to make possible the production of such artlficial plumeswith finesof any desired unknotted length.

Illustrative embodiments of my invention are described in the followingspecification, which should be read in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of this application, in which likecharacters designate corresponding parts, and in which- Figure lis anillustrative diagram showing the fabric from which the artificial finesare severed; Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the weave of the fluefabric for a single flue; Fig. 3 is a section through line III*III ofthe showing in Fig. 2; Fig. 4; is a section through a plume quillshowing the disposition of the fines and the appearance of a singleflue; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a finished plume made inaccordance with the invent-ion; Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic representationsimilar to Fig. 1, but showing a modification; and Fig. 7 is a sectionalview drawn to an enlarged scale showing the modified flue constructionof Fig. 6.

It should be noted that each flue of a natural ostrich plume comprises acentral ridge or stem from which project obliquely from opposite sides,but in the same plane, a series of fine filaments. Thus the natural flueconstruction is by no means truly imitated Specification of LettersPatent. Patented J 11116 18 1912 Application filed July 17, 1911.

Serial No. 638,807.

by a thread or flat ribbon, the former being rounded in section and thelatter being rectangular in section and neither having the lateralfilaments.

In furthering the objects of the present invention the fabrication offines corresponding almost exactly, as to size and ap pearance, to thefines of a natural ostrich plume is contemplated. According to apreferred construction these artificial fines are first woven as acontinuous fabric 1 of any desired length and of any desirable width,limited merely by the size of suitable well known loom construction. Forweavlng the fabric 1 the weft threads 2 are preferably fine silk threadsoperated in the usual manner by a shuttle. The warp however, islocalized at spaced localities across the weft, the spacingcorresponding to double the length of the flue filaments for one side ofthe flue, that is, about twice one eighth of an inch. Thus, Fig. 1indicates the warp threads 3 localized in the localities A, B, C and D,the space between two adjacent localities such as A and B being equal totwice the length of the flue filaments 5 as shown for the flue 4 of Fig.4. The weave in this fabric 1 is shown clearly in diagrammatic form inFigs. 2 and 3 for one locality such as A, each such locality having thesame weave. The warp thread 3 is shown overlying all the weft threads 2and is located intermediate the warp threads 3 and 3'. The weft threads2 are interwoven according to the well known homespun weave with the twowarp threads 3 and 3, as shown particularly in Fig. 2. The fourth warpthread 3 zig-zags across the three warp threads 3, 3 and 3" and on eachside thereof loops about one of the under weft threads 2 to lock thesame firmly to the localized warp structure, all substantially in thesame plane. For example the warp thread 3 loops under the left handportion of the Weft thread 2 which itself underlies the warp thread 3 atthat side. The warp thread 3" then passes over to the right and loopsunder the right hand portion of the weft thread 2 which at this localityunderlies the right hand warp thread 3". This zig-zagging and looping ofthe warp thread 3 is repeated indefinitely and may be accomplished in aloom of well known construction. After the weaving of the fiue fabric 1and upon leaving the loom it may be stripped or sheared into a pluralityof separate flues 4 by cutting each weft thread at a locality half waybetween adjacent positions of the warp threads 3. In Fig. 1 the knives 6are shown for this purpose, although it is to be understood that anysuitable severing mechanism may be employed. After the flue constructionis severed into the individual flue strips, it is, of course, obviousthat these flue strips are of a continuous length limited merely by thecapacity of the loom. These flue strips are then cut into suitablelengths for forming the actual flues to be used in the plume, such asthe plume 7. A suitable quill 8 is provided and split into two sections8 and 8". The flue strips cut into suitable lengths, are then placedcrosswise over .the quill section 8' and are then arranged side by sidethroughout the length of the quill in an obvious manner to simulate aplume of the desired fullness. The quill section 8 has preferably firstbeen filled with a suitable adhesive or cement filler 9 and after theapplication and arrangement of the flues t has applied to it the topquill section 8" likewise filled with a suitable adhesive or cement 10to join with the filler on the bottom section 8. Other well known means,such as lashing, may be employed to clamp the quill sections.

The mere process of weaving the construction described and severing thewoven flue structures is capable of finishing a suitable flue structure.It may be desirable, however, to coat the flue fabric 1 after weavingwith a suitable sizing such as gum tragacanth or with any well knownwater proofing compound of a glossy character. A diagonal dispositionmay be given to flue filaments 5, such as is indicated in Fig. 4;, bydrawing each flue strip through a suitable die which may be formed by aloop of cloth or felt and may be slightly heated to facilitate meltingthe sizing and giving an inclined set to the filaments 5. If desired,parts only of the flues, and particularly the ends thereof, may be thustreated to prevent unraveling of the weave and to more nearly simulatethe natural flue.

The warp thread 3 may be fine cotton or linen threads and, in fact, theweft threads forming the filaments of the flues need not of necessity besilk, although it is desired that they be of such fine size as toapproximate the filaments of a natural flue.

As a modification in the method of manufacture, a number of crossthreads 20 may be arranged close together in parallel, (see Fig. 6) andpairs of strips 21 and 22 of suitable material such as artificial silkcoated on their inner faces with a cement 23 may be rolled against theopposite sides of the threads 20 so as to adhere thereto firmly.

These pairs of strips 21 and 22 should be arranged in spaced positionsA, B and C the same as the arrangement for the localized warp threads inFig. 1. Likewise the flue fabric of Fig. 6 should be separated midwaybetween the localities of the strips 21 and 22, as by suitable knives 6.

What is claimed and what is desired to be secured by United StatesLetters Patent 1s:

1. An artificial feather-flue comprising, a central rib; laterallyprojecting filaments of a size and texture substantially identical withthe filaments of a natural flue and lying closely side by side in thesame plane; salid filaments being firmly secured to said r1 2. Anartificial woven ostrich-plume-flue comprising, a central rib formed ofwarp threads; and laterally projecting weft filaments interlocked attheir middle portions with said warp threads, said flue substantiallyduplicating a natural flue in size, texture and appearance.

3. An artificial woven ostrich-plume-flue comprising, a central ribformed of warp threads; and laterally and obliquely projecting weftfilaments interlocked at their middle portions with said warp threads,said flue substantially duplicating a natural flue in size, texture andappearance.

4. An artificial plume comprising, a quill; a number of flues, eachcontinuous, and fixed at its mid-portion to said quill to lie by theside of its neighbor and to extend out laterally from said quill; eachflue comprising a central rib throughout its length and a multitude offilaments projecting obliquely from said rib and fixed thereto.

5. An artificial plume comprising a quill, a number of flues, eachcontinuous and fixed at its mid-portion to said quill and extendinglaterally from said quill, each flue comprising a central rib and amultitude of filaments fixed to said rib, and some of said filamentsbeing arranged to project obliquely from said rib.

6. An artificial woven ostrich-plume-fiue comprising a central ribformed of threads, and a plurality of flue filaments interwoven withsaid threads having relatively loose portions projecting laterally fromsaid threads, said flue substantially duplicating a natural flue insize, texture and appearance.

7. An artificial woven.ostrich-plume-flue comprising a central ribformed of a plurality of relatively straight parallellyarranged threadsdisposed in different planes,

and a multitude of flue filaments interwoven with said threads, saidfilaments having relatively loose end portions projecting laterally fromsaid threads, said flue substantially duplicating a natural flue insize, texture and appearance.

8. An artificial woven ostrich-plume-flue comprising a central ribformed of a plurality of relatively straight parallelly arranged threadsdisposed in diflierent planes, a multitude of flue filaments interwovenwith said threads having opposite end portions projecting laterally fromsaid threads, and a locking thread zig-zagging across said straightthreads, serving to lock said flue filaments to said straight threads,said llue substantially duplicating a natural flue in size, texture andappearance.

9. An artificial ostrich-plume-flue comprising, a central rib formed ofa plurality of relatively straight parallelly arranged threads disposedin different planes, and a multitude of flue filaments interwoven attheir middle portions with said threads, said filaments havingrelatively loose end portions projecting laterally from opposite sidesof said threads, said flues substantially duplicating a natural flue insize, texture and appearance.

10. An artificial plume comprising, a quill, a number of flues eachcontinuous and fixed at its mid-portion to said quill and extendinglaterally from said quill, each flue comprising a central rib and amultitude of filaments fixed to said rib, some of said filaments beingarranged to project obliquely from said rib, and a coating on said riband filaments adapted to maintain a substantially fixed relation betweensaid filaments and said rib.

11. An artificial plume comprising a quill, a number of fines, eachcontinuous and fixed at its mid-portion to said quill to lie side byside and to extend out laterally from said quill, each flue comprising acentral rib and a multitude of filaments projecting out laterally fromsaid rib, said quill comprising a pair of hollow members arranged oneabove and one below said fiues, and an adhesive material contained inthe hollow of each of said members adapted to fix said members to saidfiues.-

In witness whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

NATHAN GARFINKLE.

Witnesses LEONARD DAY, SIDNEY NEWBORG.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, I). G.

